Water’s for Fightin’: Chihuahua Bites Texans Over Water Supplies

“They’re more interested in water than money right now.”.
Mexican farmers in rebellion over 80 year old treaty to share water across the border.
Texas State Climatologist John Nielsen-Gamman interviewed above.

NPR:

Eighty years ago, the United States and Mexico worked out an arrangement to share water from the two major rivers that run through both countries: the Rio Grande and the Colorado. The treaty was created when water wasn’t as scarce as it is now.

Water from Mexico flows to Texas’ half-billion-dollar citrus industry and dozens of cities near the border. On the Mexican side, some border states like Baja California and Chihuahua are heavily reliant on the water that comes from the American side of the Colorado River.

Now, those water-sharing systems are facing one of the biggest tests in their history. Mexico is some 265 billion gallons of water behind on its deliveries to the United States.

Unpredictable weather patterns due to climate change, growing populations, aging infrastructure and significant water waste have left both countries strapped for water and have escalated tensions along the border.

Maria-Elena Giner is the U.S. commissioner of the International Boundary and Water Commission, the binational agency that oversees the 1944 water treaty and settles disputes.

Mexico is “at their lowest levels ever” in the treaty’s history, Giner said. The treaty operates in five-year cycles, and the current deadline for deliveries isn’t until October 2025.

But “the question is that they’re so far behind, it will be very difficult, if not statistically impossible, for them to make up that difference,” Giner said.

Victor Magaña Rueda, an environmental scientist at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, said neither country can survive without the other’s water. He called the 1944 treaty a first step.

“Now we have to probably think of how we manage water and each side to adapt to those changes that we are experiencing in terms of climate,” Rueda said.
–

Ten lawmakers from a bipartisan congressional delegation urged the U.S. Congress to withhold appropriations of money and assistance to Mexico — outside of funds for border control — until it delivers the needed water.

“Farmers and ranchers across South Texas remain under continued financial strain and could suffer a similar fate as the sugar industry, should Mexico continue withholding water,” the lawmakers wrote in May. “Additionally, the lack of reliable water delivery affects municipalities and threatens the quality of life for many American citizens living along our border.”

Rep. Henry Cuellar, a Texas Democrat, signed the letter. He said this isn’t the first time he has witnessed Mexico falling behind on water deliveries.

But the unpredictability of this cycle has created significant hardship for members of his congressional district in the southwest tip of Texas along the Rio Grande.

“Mexico has not even responded to this, which means one thing to me,” Cuellar said last month about the letter. “That means that the possible loss of money is probably less important than the water right now for their communities. Their silence tells you that they’re more interested in water than money right now.”

Rep. Monica de la Cruz, a Texas Republican and another Texas representative who signed the letter, spoke before Congress in May to emphasize the loss of agriculture and industry in South Texas.

“If we cannot save our farmers, then Mexico does not deserve to have any money appropriated to them,” the Republican said. “We want our water — we demand our water.”
–
As urgent as receiving water from Mexico may seem, it isn’t the only water problem for Texas. In Texas and several other states across the U.S., a significant amount of water is wasted from infrastructure breaks and leaks.

The state lost an estimated 129 billion gallons of water in 2022 — the latest figures available from water-loss audit data submitted by public water suppliers to the Texas Water Development Board.

–
But on Mexico’s side of the border, the country is facing its own water issues, beyond water battles with the United States. A crisis in Mexico City this year left many of its 22 million residents without clean water as the city prepared for the possibility of running out.
These strains, along with rapidly growing populations, have put the country severely behind on its water deliveries to the United States.

In April, Mexico’s current president, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, said that the country will focus on guaranteeing water for its residents.

“Priority must be given to domestic water, which is consumed by people rather than by companies,” he said. “We are looking for a way to address the problem of drought, of water shortages — work is being done.”